Physiological status monitoring (PSM) provides a way to collect, record, and report a user's vital signs; it is a relatively nonintrusive measure that can occur in real time for extended periods of time. Responders have begun using PSM to develop better training regimens. Included reports: highlight and technote.

Personal flotation devices (PFDs) may be designed as wearable or throwable devices, including multi-purpose vests, inflatable collars, inflatable pouches, and flotation clothing. Law enforcement personnel carrying the additional weight of mission essential equipment may require a PFD with substantially more buoyancy than that required for the average adult. Included reports: highlight and technote.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to any item that improves a responder's ability to withstand and/or survive a given threat. Careful selection of PPE components allows organizations to create a system of equipment to support operations while minimizing redundancies, maximizing performance, and minimizing costs. Included report: highlight, selection guide.

Powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) are respiratory protective devices that provide clean air to the user by utilizing a battery to power a blower that pumps clean air through a filter into a mask, hood, or helmet. Responders use PAPRs when a face mask alone would not provide enough protection against atmospheric contaminants. Included reports: highlight, summary, focus group report, market survey report, and technical guide.

License plate recognition technology provides the ability to capture an image of a license plate code, convert the code into readable text, and compare it to a registration database for identification. This technology allows responders to reduce the timeframe needed to research and identify vehicles. Included reports: highlight, technote, and application note.

Explosives detection portals may be based on one of several technologies, including trace explosives detection, backscatter X-ray detection, and millimeter and submillimeter wave detection. Walk- and drive-through portals are used to screen people or vehicles entering secure areas at locations that may be at a heightened risk for a terrorist attack. Included report: technote.

Law enforcement tactical protective padding is general protective padding, primarily for the neck, elbows, knees, and shins. It is used by law enforcement personnel during tactical operations to provide protection from blunt force trauma and the impact of material fragments. Included reports: highlight, summary, focus group report, market survey report, and assessment report.

Law enforcement tactical protective helmets provide protection from objects that can be thrown or wielded by aggressors. These helmets are used in situations where law enforcement personnel will be exposed to hostile or potentially hostile crowds but do not expect to require ballistic protection. Included reports: highlight, summary, focus group report, market survey report, and assessment report.

Law enforcement tactical boots meet the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards for Level D protection. They provided their wearers with minimal protection against nuisance contamination that may be found in operational environments. Included report: highlight, focus group report, and market survey report.

License plate recognition (LPR) systems use cameras and computer hardware and software to capture images of vehicle license plate and to check the information on the plates against databases. The law enforcement community has recognized the need for minimum performance and interoperability standards for LPR systems. Included reports: highlight and technote.

License plate recognition systems use cameras and computer hardware and software to capture images of vehicle license plate and to check the information on the plates against criminal watch lists. These systems are capable of scanning thousands of license plates during a patrol shift or target mission. Included reports: highlight, focus group report, and market survey report.

Laser-based detection techniques hold promise for new capabilities, especially in standoff and multi-threat explosives detection. Explosives detectors are used  by responders to screen people, luggage, and packages; investigate unknown substances; and prevent suicide attacks and damage from roadside bombs. Included reports: highlight and technote.

Faceshield fogging is an impediment encountered by responders using Level A encapsulated personal protective equipment (PPE) and the removal of this condensation diverts crucial time from response operations. Level A anti-fogging products and techniques can be used to prevent the formation of condensation and prevent the resultant loss of situational awareness. Included reports: highlight, summary, focus group report, market survey report, assessment report, and analysis report.

Mask leak/fit testers (MLFTs) are used to perform fit testing of respirator face pieces to determine the quality of face-to-mask seals. They are used to ensure that respirator seals provide a safe barrier to a contaminated environment for the user, and that each user knows how to properly don the respirator. Included reports: highlight, summary, focus group report, market survey report, and assessment report.

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS)-based trace explosives detectors are gas sampling and analysis instruments that can detect and identify a wide range of explosive compounds. These detectors are used to screen packages, vehicles, clothing, and other items for trace residues of explosives. Included reports: highlight, summary, technical report.

Ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) can detect a multitude of compounds including explosives, illicit drugs, and chemical warfare agents. Responders use IMS to detect chemicals, explosives, and narcotic compounds in a variety of operating environments. Included reports: highlight, summary, focus group report, market survey report, and assessment report.

Inverters are used to convert direct current (DC) power to alternating current (AC) power for the operation of electrical equipment and tools when a conventional AC power source in unavailable. Responders encounter various scenarios that require the use of inverters. Included report: highlight and market survey report.

Intrusion detection encompasses perimeter security and intrusion detection sensor technologies. Security specialists employ intrusion detection sensors to secure the perimeter of secured areas and locations. Included reports: highlight, summary, and handbook.

Intrusion detection and prevention systems are used to detect and identify possible threats to a system, and to provide early warning to system administrators in the event that an attack is able to exploit a system vulnerability. These systems are instrumental in capturing and logging information that can later be used to investigate a data breach. Included reports: highlight and application note.

Intrinsically safe exhaust fans are used by responders during rescue operations to ventilate confined spaces or enclosed areas with contaminated atmospheres. Intrinsic safety is achieved by making certain that only low voltages and current enter hazardous areas, ensuring there is no ignition hazard. Included reports: highlight, summary, focus group report, market survey report, and assessment report.

Integrated night vision systems combine image output from two or more different types of night vision sensors into one composite image in order to take advantage of the strengths of each type of sensor. These systems provide responders with enhanced detection and recognition capabilities in fog, rain, and smog, as well as in poorly illuminated conditions. Included reports:highlight, summary, technote, focus group report, market survey report, and assessment report.

In-suit communication equipment may include an earpiece, voice piece, and push-to-talk capabilities. This equipment facilitates communication with and between responders wearing personal protective equipment. Included reports: highlight, focus group report, market survey report, assessment report, and technote.

Impact resistant doors are designed with strength, security, and durability in mind to ensure they are able to protect secured areas. They are used in both interior and exterior applications and are commonly found in high-security areas. Included reports: highlight and handbook.

Imaging sonar is a high-frequency, narrow field of view, underwater sonar that produces video-like acoustic imagery that can detect and identify submerged objects of interest, even in low-to-no visibility conditions. Imaging sonar systems are used by responders to inspect ship hulls and  pier and bridge pilings, direct divers to objects of interest, track divers underwater, and search for underwater obstructions ahead of vessels. Included reports: highlight, summary, focus group report, market survey report, and assessment report.

Hydraulic rescue tools include components such as spreaders, rams, cutters, combination tools, power units, and hoses. Responders use these tools to extricate victims from entrapment. Included reports: highlight, summary, focus group report, market survey report, application note, technology guide, and technical report.